Liquid-filled cartridge for electronic device that produces an aerosol for inhalation by a person

ABSTRACT

A disposable cartridge is disclosed for use with an electronic device for producing an aerosol for inhalation by a person. The cartridge comprises a liquid container containing a liquid which when aerosolized is intended for inhalation by a person; and a transducer that, when actuated, causes the liquid from the container to be aerosolized such that the aerosol may be inhaled by a person. In various embodiments, the liquid comprises: a liposomal carrier; a liquid mixture having an active agent entrapped by liposomes; and a liquid mixture comprising a nanodispersion. The liquid may include nicotine, tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, or nanoparticles formed by an oil droplet covered by a monolayer of phosphatidylcholine. The transducer preferably comprises a mesh material with the transducer and the mesh material forming a piezo mesh disk for aerosolizing the liquid.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a nonprovisional patent application of, andclaims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to, each of: U.S. provisionalpatent application 62/747,260, filed Oct. 18, 2018, the disclosure ofwhich is incorporated herein by reference; and U.S. provisional patentapplication 62/794,274, filed Jan. 18, 2019, the disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference.

COPYRIGHT STATEMENT

Any new and original work of authorship in this document is subject tocopyright protection under the copyright laws of the United States andother countries. Reproduction by anyone of this document as it appearsin official governmental records is permitted, but otherwise all othercopyright rights whatsoever are reserved.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention generally relates to apparatus, systems, and methods forproducing an aerosol for inhalation by a person, whether intended forpersonal or recreational use, or for the administration of medicines.

Vaping has been rapidly increasing in popularity, primarily becausevaping provides a convenient, discreet, and presumably benign way toself-administer nicotine, cannabis, drugs or other micronutrients.Indeed, there is a common belief that vaping is healthier than smokingcigarettes; vaping purportedly lets smokers avoid dangerous chemicalsinhaled from regular cigarettes while still getting nicotine. Vapingalso can be used for cannabis.

Vaping is performed using a vaporizer. A vaporizer includes a vape penor a cigarette style vape, referred to by many as an e-cigarette or“eCig”. A vape pen generally is an elongate, thin, and stylized tubethat resembles a fancy pen. In contrast, an e-cigarette resembles anactual cigarette. The e-cigarette is usually small in size (usuallysmaller and more discreet than vape pens), easily portable, and easy touse.

A common vaporizer comprises a container, which may be a tank—which istypically refillable, or a cartridge—which is typically single-use andnot refillable. The tank or cartridge holds a liquid often referred toas an e-liquid or e-juice. Tanks are made out of polycarbonate plastic,glass, or stainless steel. The vaporizer also includes a mouthpiece forinhaling by a person through the mouth; an atomizer comprising a tinyheating element that converts the liquid into tiny, airborne dropletsthat are inhaled; and a controller for turning on the atomizer. Manyvape pens are mouth-activated and turn on automatically when a personinhales. Others vape pins are button activated and require the person topush a button to activate the atomizer. Vaporizers are electricallypowered using one or more batteries. The batteries typically are lithiumion batteries that are rechargeable and primarily are used to heat theheating element of the atomizer. A charger usually accompanies avaporizer when purchased for charging the batteries. The charger may bea USB charger, car charger, or wall charger, and such chargers aregenerally very similar to phone chargers.

The battery-powered vaporizer produces vapor from any of a variety ofliquids and liquid mixtures, especially those containing nicotine orcannabinoids. Many different types and flavors are available. Moreover,the liquids can be non-medicated (i.e., containing no nicotine or othersubstances—just pure vegetable glycerin and flavoring), or the liquidscan contain nicotine or even in some instances if and where legal, theliquids can contain THC/CBD. The liquids also may contain one or more ofa variety of flavors as well as micronutrients such as, for example,vitamin B12. A person can mix the liquids for use with a vape pen.E-cigarettes typically are purchased with prefilled cartridges. Theheating element turns the contents of the liquids into an aerosol—thevapor—that is inhaled into the lungs and then exhaled by the person.Perhaps one of the most popular vaporizers today is known as the “JUUL”,which is a small, sleek device that resembles a computer USB flashdrive.

It is believed that while promoted as healthier than traditionalcigarette use, vaping actually may be more dangerous. Propylene glycol,vegetable glycerin and combinations or methylations thereof, arechemicals that are often mixed with nicotine, cannabis, or hemp oil foruse in vaporizers. Propylene glycol is the primary ingredient in amajority of nicotine-infused e-cigarette liquids. Unfortunately, at hightemperatures propylene glycol converts into tiny polymers that can wreakhavoc on lung tissue. In particular, scientists know a great deal aboutpropylene glycol. It is found in a plethora of common householditems—cosmetics, baby wipes, pharmaceuticals, pet food, antifreeze, etc.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada have deemedpropylene glycol safe for human ingestion and topical application. Butexposure by inhalation is another matter. Many things are safe to eatbut dangerous to breathe. Because of low oral toxicity, propylene glycolis classified by the FDA as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) foruse as a food additive, but this assessment was based on toxicitystudies that did not involve heating and breathing propylene glycol.Indeed, a 2010 study published in the International Journal ofEnvironmental Research and Public Health concluded that airbornepropylene glycol circulating indoors can induce or exacerbate asthma,eczema, and many allergic symptoms. Children were said to beparticularly sensitive to these airborne toxins. An earlier toxicologyreview warned that propylene glycol, ubiquitous in hairsprays, could beharmful because aerosol particles lodge deep in the lungs and are notrespirable.

Moreover, when propylene glycol is heated, whether by a red-hot metalcoil of a heating element of a vaporizer or otherwise, the potentialharm from inhalation exposure increases. It is believed that highvoltage heat transforms the propylene glycol and other vaping additivesinto carbonyls. Carbonyls are a group of cancer-causing chemicals thatincludes formaldehyde, which has been linked to spontaneous abortionsand low birth weight. A known thermal breakdown product of propyleneglycol, formaldehyde is an International Agency for Research on Cancergroup 1 carcinogen!

Prevalent in nicotine e-cig products and present in some vape oilcartridges, FDA-approved flavoring agents pose additional risks wheninhaled rather than eaten. The flavoring compounds smooth and creamy(diacetyl and acetyl propionyl) are associated with respiratory illnesswhen inhaled in tobacco e-cigarette devices. Anotherhazardous-when-inhaled-but-safe-to-eat flavoring compound is Ceyloncinnamon, which becomes cytotoxic when aerosolized.

When a heating element gets red hot in a vaporizer, the liquid undergoesa process called “smoldering”, which is a technical term for what istantamount to “burning”; while much of the liquid is vaporized andatomized, a portion of the liquid undergoes pyrolysis or combustion. Inthat sense, most of the vaporizers that have flooded the commercialmarket may not be true vaporizers.

Additionally, clearance mechanisms of the lung, like all major points ofcontact with the external environment, have evolved to prevent theinvasion of unwanted airborne particles from entering the body. Airwaygeometry, humidity and clearance mechanisms contribute to thisfiltration process.

In view of the foregoing, it is believed that a need exists for avaporizer that provides an aerosol of the desired chemicals without theharmful byproducts that arise from smoldering. It is also believed thata need exists for a vaporizer that effectively and efficiently producesa vapor cloud that is not inhibited by the body's natural filtrationprocess. This and other needs are believed to be met by embodiments inaccordance with one or more aspects and features of the invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention includes many aspects and features. Moreover, while manyaspects and features relate to, and are described in, the context ofvaping, the invention is not limited to use only in such context.Indeed, depending on the context of use, the electronic device of theinvention may be considered a vaporizer and may be in the form of a vapepen or e-cigarette. Indeed, those who vape may come to refer toembodiments of the invention as a vape pen even though heat is notutilized to create the aerosol that is inhaled. In the delivery ofpharmaceuticals, patients may come to refer to embodiments of theinvention as a nebulizer even though a gas transport (e.g., compressedgas) is not utilized and even though the aerosol that is produced inaccordance with the invention may have a smaller particle size than themist produced by common nebulizers. Other separate and distinct contextsof use of embodiments of the invention may similarly result in differentnomenclature of the embodiments of the invention. Nonetheless, while theappearance and form factor of embodiments of the invention may varydepending on such contexts of use, the basic components and operationremain the same, except where otherwise described below.

In an aspect of the invention, an electronic device for producing anaerosol for inhalation by a person comprises: a mouthpiece; a liquidcontainer for containing a liquid; a mesh assembly comprising a meshmaterial and a piezoelectric material. The mesh material is configuredto vibrate when the piezoelectric material is actuated whereby theaerosol is produced when the mesh material is in contact with a liquidof the container such that the aerosol may be inhaled through themouthpiece. The mouthpiece, the container, and the mesh assembly arelocated in-line along a longitudinal axis of the electronic devicebetween opposite longitudinal ends of the electronic device, with themesh assembly extending between and separating the mouthpiece and thecontainer. The mesh material has a rigidity sufficient to preventoscillations of varying amplitudes during actuation of the piezoelectricmaterial of the mesh assembly whereby the aerosol is consistentlyproduced.

In a feature, the electronic device has a size and shape configured tobe gripped and held by hand during use of the electronic device.

In a feature, the mesh assembly comprises a piezo mesh disk. The meshassembly preferably comprises an annular ring and the mesh materialpreferably is located within the area bounded by the annual ring.

In a feature, the mesh material is flat.

In a feature, the mesh material is dome-shaped.

In a feature, the mesh material is constructed from a metal alloy.

In a feature, the mesh material is produced by electroplating.

In a feature, the mesh material is produced by laser cutting.

In a feature, the mesh assembly comprises a plurality of vibratingmeshes.

In a feature, the mesh assembly comprises two vibrating meshes.

In a feature, the mesh assembly comprises a double vibrating mesh.

In a feature, the mesh material is in the form of a mesh plate.

In a feature, the mesh material comprises between 500 holes and 6,000holes, inclusive. Holes in the mesh material preferably are tapered andeach preferably has a diameter of approximately three micrometers.

In a feature, the electronic device further comprises a sensor thatdetects when a person inhales, and wherein the mesh assembly is actuatedin response to the detection of inhalation by a person.

In another aspect, an electronic device for producing an aerosol forinhalation by a person comprises: a mouthpiece located at one ofopposite longitudinal ends of the electronic device; a liquid container;a transducer that when actuated causes a liquid from the container to beaerosolized such that the aerosol may be inhaled from the electronicdevice by a person through the mouthpiece; and circuitry and a powersupply for actuating the transducer; wherein the mouthpiece, the liquidcontainer, and the transducer are located in-line along a longitudinalaxis of a housing of the electronic device extending between theopposite longitudinal ends of the electronic device; wherein the liquidcontainer is located between and separates the transducer and themouthpiece; and wherein the liquid container and the transducer arecontained within a cartridge that is insertable into and removable fromthe housing of the electronic device, whereby the liquid container andthe transducer are replaceable by the person when the liquid in thecontainer is depleted.

In a feature, the electronic device further comprises a vibratingstructure that is configured to be in contact with a liquid contained inthe liquid container, and wherein actuation of the transducer causesvibrations of the transducer that result, in turn, in vibration of thevibrating structure.

In a feature, the vibrating structure does not comprise a vibrating meshmaterial.

In a feature, the transducer comprises a piezoelectric crystal.

In a feature, the piezoelectric crystal vibrates at a frequency ofbetween 0.5 MHz to 5.0 MHz.

In a feature, the piezoelectric crystal vibrates at a frequency ofbetween 1.2 MHz and 2.4 MHz.

In a feature, the electronic device further comprises an interfacecontained in the cartridge and located between the transducer and theliquid container, the interface comprising a coupling agent configuredto transmit vibrations from the transducer to a liquid in the liquidcontainer and configured to insulate the liquid in the liquid containerfrom heat generated by the transducer.

In a feature, the coupling agent comprises a fluid.

In a feature, the coupling agent comprises a gel.

In a feature, the interface comprises a membrane.

In a feature, the membrane is hydrophobic.

In a feature, the membrane contains the coupling agent.

In a feature, the transducer comprises a piezoelectric crystal thatvibrates at a high frequency when electrical current is applied, and atransducer horn that is in contact with the liquid to be aerosolized,wherein vibrations of the crystal are transmitted by the transducer hornto the liquid. The transducer preferably comprises a piezoelectriccrystal that vibrates at a high frequency when electrical current isapplied, and a transducer horn that is in contact with the interface,wherein vibrations of the crystal are transmitted by the transducer hornto the interface which then transmits the vibrations to the liquid. Thevibrations transmitted by the transducer horn preferably cause a mesh tovibrate such that liquid passes through apertures in the mesh to form anaerosol, the mesh preferably comprises a mesh plate that is in contactwith the liquid, and the mesh plate preferably comprises between 500holes and 6,000 holes, inclusive. The holes in the mesh plate preferablyare tapered, and holes in the mesh plate each preferably has a diameterof approximately three micrometers.

In an aspect of the invention, a disposable cartridge for use with anelectronic device for producing an aerosol for inhalation by a personcomprises: a liquid container containing a liquid which when aerosolizedis intended for inhalation by a person; and a transducer that, whenactuated, causes the liquid from the container to be aerosolized suchthat the aerosol may be inhaled by a person; wherein the liquid to beaerosolized comprises a liposomal carrier. In this respect, the liquidis considered to be a liquid mixture.

In a feature, the liposomal carrier comprises a liposomal nanoemulsion.

In a feature, the liquid comprises nanoparticles.

In a feature, the liquid comprises nicotine.

In a feature, the liquid comprises encapsulated tetrahydrocannabinol.

In a feature, the liquid comprises encapsulated cannabidiol.

In a feature, the liquid comprises an aqueous liquid.

In a feature, the liquid has a viscosity that is comparable to theviscosity of an aqueous liquid.

In another aspect of the invention, a disposable cartridge for use withan electronic device for producing an aerosol for inhalation by a personcomprises: a liquid container containing a liquid which when aerosolizedis intended for inhalation by a person; and a transducer that, whenactuated, causes the liquid from the container to be aerosolized suchthat the aerosol may be inhaled by a person; wherein the liquidcomprises an active agent entrapped by liposomes. In this respect, theliquid is considered to be a liquid mixture.

In a feature, the active agent comprises nicotine.

In a feature, the active agent comprises tetrahydrocannabinol.

In a feature, the active agent comprises cannabidiol.

In a feature, the liquid comprises nanoparticles formed by an oildroplet covered by a monolayer of phosphatidylcholine.

In another aspect, a disposable cartridge for use with an electronicdevice for producing an aerosol for inhalation by a person comprises: aliquid container containing a liquid mixture comprising a nanodispersionwhich when aerosolized is intended for inhalation by a person; and atransducer that, when actuated, causes the liquid mixture from thecontainer to be aerosolized such that the aerosol may be inhaled by aperson.

In a related aspect of the invention, an electronic device for producingan aerosol for inhalation by a person comprises: a mouthpiece and anupper housing component to which the mouthpiece attaches, wherein theupper housing component contains a container and a mesh assembly havinga mesh material that vibrates when actuated for aerosolizing a liquidcontained in the container that comes into contact with the vibratingmesh material, and wherein the aerosol so produced may be inhaledthrough the mouthpiece; and a lower housing component containingcircuitry and a power supply for actuating vibration of the meshmaterial, wherein electrical pathways connect the mesh assembly of theupper housing component with the circuitry and power supply of the lowerhousing component.

In a feature of this aspect, the upper housing component and the lowerhousing component are detachable from each other, and electricalcontacts connect the electrical pathways between the upper housingcomponent and the lower housing component when the upper housingcomponent and the lower housing component are connected.

In another feature, the mouthpiece is detachable from the upper housingcomponent to expose the vibrating mesh material. In this respect, themouthpiece preferably snaps onto a rim surrounding a recessed area oropening of the upper housing component in which the vibrating meshmaterial is located, thereby defining a partially enclosed space abovethe vibrating mesh material.

In a feature, the device comprises no heating element configured to heatthe liquid to aerosolize the liquid.

In a feature, the device comprises no compressed gas configured toaerosolize the liquid.

In a feature, the electronic device produces a fine particle, lowvelocity aerosol for central and deep lung deposition.

In a feature, the mesh assembly comprises an oscillating piezoelectricmaterial that when actuated results in vibrations of the mesh material,which aerosolizes a liquid that comes into contact with one sidethereof, the aerosol being produced on the opposite side of thevibrating mesh material in the partially enclosed space defined by themouthpiece when attached to the upper housing component. The oscillatingpiezoelectric material may be a single layer oscillating piezoelectricmaterial, or the oscillating piezoelectric material may be a multi-layeroscillating piezoelectric material. The oscillating piezoelectricmaterial preferably forms part of a piezo mesh disk.

In a feature, the liquid is pressured into contact with a first side ofthe vibrating mesh material, and the vibrating mesh material comprisessmall openings through which droplets of the liquid pass to form theaerosol as the vibrating mesh material oscillates. Furthermore, thedroplets of the aerosol produced preferably are between one-micron andfour-micron aerosol droplets.

In a feature, the container comprises a cartridge.

In a feature, the power supply comprises one or more lithium-ionbatteries.

In a feature, the power supply comprises one or more rechargeablebatteries.

In a feature, the circuitry and power supply are configured to furtheroperate a pump system that causes the liquid from the container to comeinto contact with the first side of the vibrating mesh material. Thepump system preferably comprises a motor and a threaded shaft that isrotated by the motor, the rotation of the threaded shaft causing theliquid to be pushed toward the vibrating mesh material. The liquidpreferably is pushed toward the vibrating mesh material by a stopperthat is advanced by the rotating shaft; the stopper is advanced byengagement with a plunger that is attached to the threaded shaft andthat is directly driven by rotation of the threaded shaft by the motor,or alternatively, the stopper is attached to the threaded shaft and isdirectly driven by rotation of the threaded shaft by the motor.

In another feature, the electronic device further comprises means forcausing the liquid to be in contact with a lower side of the meshmaterial facing the container. The means may comprise any of the pumpsystems disclosed herein, whether actively powered or a passive system,such as a capillary pump. The means further may comprise a stopper. Inanother feature, the electronic device comprises a capillary pump,wherein the liquid is drawn into contact with the mesh material throughcapillary action.

In another feature, the upper housing component and the lower housingcomponent fit together to define a body of the electronic device, whichbody is of a size and shape for gripping and holding by hand during useof the electronic device.

In another related aspect, an electronic device for producing an aerosolfor inhalation by a person comprises: (a) a mouthpiece; and (b) anelongate housing having opposite first and second ends, with themouthpiece being attached to the first end and with the housingcomprising therein, (i) a mesh assembly comprising a mesh material thatvibrates when actuated, (ii) a liquid container containing a liquid thatis aerosolized by the mesh material when actuated for inhalation throughthe mouthpiece, and (iii) circuitry and a power supply for actuatingvibration of the mesh material, wherein electrical pathways connect themesh assembly with the circuitry and power supply; (c) wherein the meshassembly and the container are arranged in-line along a longitudinalaxis of the electronic device.

In a feature, the mesh assembly extends between and separates themouthpiece and the container.

In a feature, the power supply of the electronic device comprisesbatteries that are arranged along the longitudinal axis of the deviceand that are located at the second end of the housing.

In a feature, the liquid contacts the mesh material as a result ofcapillary action.

In a feature, the electronic device further comprises means for causingthe liquid to be in contact with a lower side of the mesh materialfacing the container.

In another related aspect, a method for producing an aerosol forinhalation by a person using an electronic device comprises the steps ofcausing a mesh material to vibrate while causing a liquid to contact afirst side of the mesh material, whereby droplets of the liquid areformed on the opposite side of the mesh material to create an aerosolfor inhalation.

In a feature, the mesh assembly comprises a piezo mesh disk and theliquid is caused to contact the first side of the piezo mesh disk at agenerally constant pressure so that the aerosol that is produced willhave a generally consistent concentration of the liquid. Additionally,the liquid preferably is maintained in constant contact with the firstside of the piezo mesh disk, even when not actuated. Additionally, theelectronic device preferably is actuated for a predetermined period oftime by a button press, whereby a consistent volume of aerosol forinhalation is produced for each button press. Alternatively, theelectronic device is actuated by depressing a button by a person of theelectronic device, with the aerosol being produced while the button isdepressed. The liquid may be pushed from a cartridge by a stopper thatis advanced through a container of the cartridge, and the container ofthe cartridge may be cylindrical. Furthermore, the stopper may beadvanced through the container by actuation of a motor that drives athreaded shaft. This may be accomplished by the stopper being attachedto the threaded shaft such that the stopper advances through thecontainer when the threaded shaft is rotated, or by a plunger (orplunger head) being attached to the threaded shaft and advancing throughthe container when the threaded shaft is rotated such that the plungerengages and advances the stopper for pushing the liquid into contactwith the vibrating mesh material.

In another feature, the aerosol preferably is produced withoutsmoldering of the liquid.

In another feature, the aerosol is produced without utilizing acompressed gas.

In another related aspect, a method for producing an aerosol forinhalation by a person using an electronic device having a mouthpiececomprises the steps of causing a mesh material to vibrate while causinga liquid to contact a first side of the mesh material, whereby dropletsof the liquid are formed on a second, opposite side of the mesh materialto create the aerosol for inhalation through the mouthpiece.

In a feature, the device has opposite longitudinal ends and themouthpiece is located on one of the opposite longitudinal ends of thedevice.

In a feature, the mesh material has a side facing the mouthpiece and anopposite side facing a container containing the liquid for aerosolized.

In a feature, the mouthpiece, the mesh material, and the liquidcontainer are arranged in-line along the longitudinal axis of theelectronic device, with the mesh material extending between andseparating the mouthpiece from the liquid container. The mesh assemblyin some preferred embodiments comprises a piezo mesh disk.

In a feature, the electronic device is actuated for a predeterminedperiod of time for producing a consistent volume of aerosol forinhalation.

In a feature, the electronic device is actuated by depressing a buttonby a person of the electronic device.

In a feature, the liquid is caused to contact the first side of the meshmaterial at a generally constant pressure.

In a feature, the liquid is pushed from a cartridge by a stopper that isadvanced through a liquid container of the cartridge. The container ofthe cartridge preferably is cylindrical but may have another geometricprofile. The stopper preferably is advanced through the container byactuation of a motor that drives a shaft. The stopper may be attached tothe shaft and directly driven so as to advance through the containerwhen the shaft is rotated, or the electronic device may further comprisea plunger is attached to the shaft and that is directly driven so as toadvance through the container when the shaft is rotated, wherein theplunger engages and advances the stopper for pushing the liquid intocontact with the vibrating mesh material.

In a feature, the aerosol preferably is produced without smoldering ofthe liquid.

In a feature, the aerosol preferably is produced without utilizing acompressed gas.

In a feature, the method further comprises a step for causing the liquidto be in constant contact with the mesh material using capillary action.The step may be carried out by an active pump system or a passive pumpsystem such as a capillary pump system using capillary action.

Additional aspects and features of the invention are set forth in theincorporated priority documents and in the applicant's copending patentapplication 16/548,831 filed on Aug. 22, 2019, which application, andany publication thereof and any patent issuing therefrom, each isincorporated herein by reference.

Another aspect comprises using an electronic device in accordance withone or more of the aforementioned aspects and features to perform amethod of producing an aerosol for inhalation by a person using suchelectronic device.

In addition to the aforementioned aspects and features of the invention,it should be noted that the invention further encompasses the variouslogical combinations and subcombinations of such aspects and features.Thus, for example, claims in this or a divisional or continuing patentapplication or applications may be separately directed to any aspect,feature, or embodiment disclosed herein, or combination thereof, withoutrequiring any other aspect, feature, or embodiment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

One or more preferred embodiments of the invention now will be describedin detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the sameelements are referred to with the same reference numerals.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred electronic device inaccordance with one or more aspects and features of the invention.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of components of the electronic device ofFIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is another exploded view of components of the electronic deviceof FIG. 1, wherein component 122 is rendered transparent in the figurefor illustration.

FIG. 4 is a partial, exploded view of components of the electronicdevice of FIG. 1, wherein component 122 is rendered transparent in thefigure for illustration.

FIG. 5 is another partial exploded view of components of the electronicdevice of FIG. 1, wherein component 122 is rendered transparent in thefigure for illustration.

FIG. 6 is another exploded view of components of the electronic deviceof FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 is a transparent view of components of the electronic device ofFIG. 1, wherein component 122 is rendered transparent in the figure forillustration.

FIG. 8 is a partial view of components of the electronic device of FIG.1.

FIG. 9 is another partial view of components of the electronic device ofFIG.

FIG. 10 is a transparent view of the cartridge component of theelectronic device of FIG. 1, wherein component 122 is renderedtransparent in the figure for illustration.

FIGS. 11, 12, 13, and 14 are partially transparent, internal views ofthe electronic device of FIG. 1, wherein component 122 is renderedtransparent in each figure for illustration.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a method for producing a fine particle,low velocity aerosol using a preferred electronic device in accordancewith one or more aspects and features of the invention.

FIG. 16 is a partial internal view of another preferred electronicdevice in accordance with one or more aspects and features of theinvention, wherein component 122 is rendered transparent in the figurefor illustration.

FIG. 17 is a transparent view of internal components of anotherpreferred electronic device in accordance with one or more aspects andfeatures of the invention, wherein the outer housing is renderedtransparent in the figure for illustration.

FIG. 18 is a schematic illustration of yet another preferred electronicdevice in accordance with one or more aspects and features of theinvention.

FIG. 19 is a partial schematic illustration of an electromagneticcartridge of the electronic device of FIG. 18, wherein the outer housingis rendered transparent in the figure for illustration.

FIG. 20 is an internal schematic illustration of the electronic deviceof FIG. 18, wherein the outer housing is rendered transparent in thefigure for illustration.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of yet another preferred electronic devicecomprising a vibrating mesh in accordance with one or more aspects andfeatures of the invention.

FIG. 22 is an internal schematic illustration of the preferredelectronic device of FIG. 21, wherein the outer housing is renderedtransparent in the figure for illustration.

FIG. 23 is a schematic perspective view of a preferred electronic devicecomprising an ultrasonic nebulizer with removable cartridge inaccordance with one or more aspects and features of the invention.

FIG. 24 is a partial perspective view of an ultrasonic devicecorresponding to the ultrasonic device schematically represented in FIG.23.

FIG. 25 is a schematic perspective view of a cartridge representative ofthe device system represented in FIG. 23 in accordance with one or moreaspects and features of the invention.

FIG. 26 is a schematic plan view of a side of another cartridge for apreferred electronic device comprising an ultrasonic device inaccordance with one or more aspects and features of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As a preliminary matter, it will readily be understood by one havingordinary skill in the relevant art (“Ordinary Artisan”) that theinvention has broad utility and application. Furthermore, any embodimentdiscussed and identified as being “preferred” is considered to be partof a best mode contemplated for carrying out the invention. Otherembodiments also may be discussed for additional illustrative purposesin providing a full and enabling disclosure of the invention.Furthermore, an embodiment of the invention may incorporate only one ora plurality of the aspects of the invention disclosed herein; only oneor a plurality of the features disclosed herein; or combination thereof.As such, many embodiments are implicitly disclosed herein and fallwithin the scope of what is regarded as the invention.

Accordingly, while the invention is described herein in detail inrelation to one or more embodiments, it is to be understood that thisdisclosure is illustrative and exemplary of the invention and is mademerely for the purposes of providing a full and enabling disclosure ofthe invention. The detailed disclosure herein of one or more embodimentsis not intended, nor is to be construed, to limit the scope of patentprotection afforded the invention in any claim of a patent issuing herefrom, which scope is to be defined by the claims and the equivalentsthereof. It is not intended that the scope of patent protection affordedthe invention be defined by reading into any claim a limitation foundherein that does not explicitly appear in the claim itself.

Thus, for example, any sequence(s) and/or temporal order of steps ofvarious processes or methods that are described herein are illustrativeand not restrictive. Accordingly, it should be understood that, althoughsteps of various processes or methods may be shown and described asbeing in a sequence or temporal order, the steps of any such processesor methods are not limited to being carried out in any particularsequence or order, absent an indication otherwise. Indeed, the steps insuch processes or methods generally may be carried out in variousdifferent sequences and orders while still falling within the scope ofthe invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the scope of patentprotection afforded the invention be defined by the issued claim(s)rather than the description set forth herein.

Additionally, it is important to note that each term used herein refersto that which the Ordinary Artisan would understand such term to meanbased on the contextual use of such term herein. To the extent that themeaning of a term used herein—as understood by the Ordinary Artisanbased on the contextual use of such term—differs in any way from anyparticular dictionary definition of such term, it is intended that themeaning of the term as understood by the Ordinary Artisan shouldprevail.

With regard to the construction of the scope of any claim in the UnitedStates, no claim element is to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f)unless the explicit phrase “means for” or “step for” is actually used insuch claim element, whereupon this statutory provision is intended toand should apply in the interpretation of such claim element. Withregard to any method claim including a condition precedent step, suchmethod requires the condition precedent to be met and the step to beperformed at least once but not necessarily every time duringperformance of the claimed method.

Furthermore, it is important to note that, as used herein, “comprising”is open-ended insofar as that which follows such term is not exclusive.Additionally, “a” and “an” each generally denotes “at least one” butdoes not exclude a plurality unless the contextual use dictatesotherwise. Thus, reference to “a picnic basket having an apple” is thesame as “a picnic basket comprising an apple” and “a picnic basketincluding an apple”, each of which identically describes “a picnicbasket having at least one apple” as well as “a picnic basket havingapples”; the picnic basket further may contain one or more other itemsbeside an apple. In contrast, reference to “a picnic basket having asingle apple” describes “a picnic basket having only one apple”; thepicnic basket further may contain one or more other items beside anapple. In contrast, “a picnic basket consisting of an apple” has only asingle item contained therein, i.e., one apple; the picnic basketcontains no other item.

When used herein to join a list of items, “or” denotes “at least one ofthe items” but does not exclude a plurality of items of the list. Thus,reference to “a picnic basket having cheese or crackers” describes “apicnic basket having cheese without crackers”, “a picnic basket havingcrackers without cheese”, and “a picnic basket having both cheese andcrackers”; the picnic basket further may contain one or more other itemsbeside cheese and crackers.

When used herein to join a list of items, “and” denotes “all of theitems of the list”. Thus, reference to “a picnic basket having cheeseand crackers” describes “a picnic basket having cheese, wherein thepicnic basket further has crackers”, as well as describes “a picnicbasket having crackers, wherein the picnic basket further has cheese”;the picnic basket further may contain one or more other items besidecheese and crackers.

The phrase “at least one” followed by a list of items joined by “and”denotes an item of the list but does not require every item of the list.Thus, “at least one of an apple and an orange” encompasses the followingmutually exclusive scenarios: there is an apple but no orange; there isan orange but no apple; and there is both an apple and an orange. Inthese scenarios if there is an apple, there may be more than one apple,and if there is an orange, there may be more than one orange. Moreover,the phrase “one or more” followed by a list of items joined by “and” isthe equivalent of “at least one” followed by the list of items joined by“and”.

Referring now to the drawings, one or more preferred embodiments of theinvention are next described. The following description of one or morepreferred embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is in no wayintended to limit the invention, its implementations, or uses.

In accordance with electronic devices of the invention, a vibrating meshis provided for aerosolizing a liquid without smoldering. Theaerosolized liquid preferably is in the form of a vapor cloud similar towhat a person or observer would surmise to be “vapor” when vaping. Inthe context of vaping, such preferred devices of the invention thereforeare believed to produce an aerosol that is carcinogen free. This is instark contrast to vaporizers used today to aerosolize e-liquids byheating the e-liquids and desired compounds contained therein (e.g.,nicotine) or supplements such as B12, THC/CBD and other drugs orstimulants. As a result of using heating to aerosolize the e-liquids,these vaporizers produce toxic byproducts like formaldehyde, arecognized Group 1 carcinogen for caner, which toxic byproducts then areunfortunately inhaled by a person using the vaporizer. For example, whenthe liquids are heated, the liquids undergo a thermochemical reactionproducing unwanted emissions. The unwanted emissions of the toxicbyproducts may cause bodily harm from extended inhalation exposure.

By utilizing a vibrating mesh, preferred electronic devices inaccordance with one or more aspects and features of the inventionproduce an aerosol without using heat and thus advantageously avoid suchtoxic byproducts created by the vaporizes currently on the market. Theelectronic devices thereby advantageously produce a carcinogen freeaerosol free of harmful emission byproducts.

One of the primary performance metrics evaluated for aerosols is theresidual aerodynamic particle size distribution (“APSD”) of theaerosolized drug product. The residual APSD is characterized by theresidual mass median aerodynamic diameter (“MMAD”) and the geometricstandard deviation (“GSD”). The MMAD signifies the aerodynamic diameterat which half of the aerosolized drug mass lies below the stateddiameter.

The MMADR=MMDI×pI×CNV⅓×pR ⅙, where MMADR (μm) 1s the mass medianaerodynamic diameter of the residual particles, MMDI (μm) is the massmedian diameter (MMD) of the initial droplets, CNV (weight fraction) isthe concentration of the non-volatile components (e.g., dissolved drugand excipients) in the formulation, and pI and pR are the densities(g/cm3) of the formulation and the residual particles, respectively.

The vibrating mesh may be configured and arranged to produce an aerosolfor various applications. For example, the arrangement and geometry ofvarious features of the vibrating mesh, such as the design of thevibrating mesh and more specifically the design of the aperture holes ofthe vibrating mesh, may be adapted to produce an aerosol with variousparticle sizes, flow properties, and fine particle fractions. The size(e.g., diameter), shape (e.g., oval, circular, triangular, etc.),spacing (e.g., distance between aperture holes, aperture hole density),etc. of the aperture holes may be configured and modified to adjust thesize of the aerosol particles for specific applications. Additionally,the thickness of the mesh, especially when in the form of a plate, mayalso be configured to optimize aerosol properties. For example, thethickness of the plate may impart different properties andcharacteristics to the aerosol. Depending on the thickness of the plate,the holes may taper with a chamfer such that the entrance and/or exitdiameter is larger than the bore diameter of the aperture hole. Inanother example, the aperture holes may have a constant diameter withouta taper.

In another example, the rigidity of the mesh assembly may be configuredto prevent oscillations of varying amplitude across the surface of themesh, which could result in inconsistent aerosolization performance. Forexample, the thickness, geometry, and material selection for thevibrating mesh material may enhance the rigidity to prevent unwantedoscillations thereof. In some embodiments, the mesh material may beconstructed from a metal alloy, to provide adequate rigidity, mass,durability and inert chemical properties for the aerosolization ofdifferent drug formulations. Indeed, the design and dimensions of themesh material may be selected to optimize the device based on theintended application or use case. For example, the vibrating mesh may beconfigured to adjust the MMADR, fine particle fraction, air/particlevelocity, etc. Additionally, the mesh material may also determine theresulting particle properties such as volume diameter, bulk density, tapdensity, shape, charge, etc.

In addition to the mechanical aspects of the mesh material and itsoperation, it is believed that the material substrate from which themesh is constructed and the way in which the holes are generated haveimportant implications for the aerosolization of different drugformulations. In some embodiments, the aperture holes may be electroformed or laser formed. It should be appreciated that othermanufacturing methods may be used to form the aperture holes. Examplemethods for mesh production include electroplating and laser cutting,which may be used to produce a tapered hole. A tapered hole may optimizemesh performance by amplifying flow at the nozzle while reducing viscoselosses. The electroplating method makes use of a lithographic plate andthe eventual size of the mesh holes may be determined by the duration ofthe electroplating process. The holes become smaller as the metal isdeposited on the edge of the hole over time. Laser cutting involves theuse of a laser beam to cut the mesh holes into a thin sheet of metal orpolymer material. Laser cutting metal may result in molten materialbeing deposited around the hole, which may be removed by polishing.

In some embodiments, the liquid delivery system may be adapted for aspecific liquid. For example, viscosity may be a controlling variable inthe size of the aperture holes of the vibrating mesh. Some preferredliquids comprise nicotine, which is less viscous than a cannabinoidderivative (e.g., tetrahydrocannabinol (“THC”) and cannabidiol (“CBD”)),which has a higher viscosity. Other considerations may include watersolubility, surface tension, acidity and/or basicity, and whether theliquid contains a liquid carrier. Some preferred liquids indeed compriseliquid carriers and, in particular, liposomal carriers. Various liquidsand formulations may be used to form aerosols from electronic devices ofthe invention. These formulations may have widely differentphysiochemical properties, such as surface tension, density, viscosity,characteristics of intramolecular forces within the formulation andwhether the formulation is a pure liquid or a suspension of particleswithin a liquid. Each of the above-mentioned physiochemical propertiesmay affect the functionality, consistency, efficacy, and end propertiesof the resulting aerosol or vapor cloud.

The liquid delivery system also may be designed to provide differentflow rates. For example, the pump may be an active pump or a passivepump. Additionally, in some preferred embodiments the output rate,pressure supplied by the pump, or both, may be adjusted to providedifferent flow rates.

In some embodiments, the geometry of the mesh may be the form of adome-like structure. In some embodiments, the mesh may be flat and maybe in the form of a plate. Other orientations and geometries also arecontemplated within the scope of the invention.

Additionally, in electronic devices of the invention, the vibrating meshassembly may include a single layer oscillating piezoelectric materialto aerosolize the liquid. In an example, the mesh assembly may have adouble or multi-layer structure, and multiple mesh membranes may bearranged to induce an optimum MMAD and/or APSD for the aerosolizedliquid. A plurality of vibrating meshes also may be used in the meshassembly in some embodiments; FIG. 22 for example illustrates a meshassembly that includes two separate vibrating meshes spaced apart fromone another.

Additionally, the mesh assembly may be constructed from one or moredifferent piezoelectric materials to optimize the MMAD and/or APSD.

Additionally, the arrangement and design of the mesh assembly (e.g.,placement of the holes, angstrom size) and hygroscopic effects of thelungs may be considered for optimum deposition and diffusion into thebloodstream.

In some embodiments, the electronic device is configured to create afine particle low velocity aerosol. The resulting aerosol or vapor cloudmay be configured to reduce or soften the potential irritation of theairways and lungs. In some embodiments, the encapsulation techniques maycreate the ideal person experience. As mentioned above, the lungs haveclearance mechanisms to prevent invasion of unwanted airborne particlesfrom entering the body. To ensure that the fine particle, low velocityaerosol that achieves central and deep lung deposition, the electronicdevice and/or formulation may be adapted such that an aerosol isproduced that eludes the lung's various lines of defense.

For example, progressive branching and narrowing of the airwaysencourage impaction of particles. Larger the particle sizes, greatervelocities of incoming air, and more abrupt bend angles of bifurcationsand the smaller the airway radius increase the probability of depositionby impaction. In essence, the end person may sense/feel more or lessimpaction based on the above parameters.

Additionally, the lung has a relative humidity of approximately 99.5%.The addition and removal of water can significantly affect the particlesize of a hygroscopic aerosol and thus deposition itself. Drug particlesare known to be hygroscopic and grow or shrink in size in high humidity,such as in the lung. A hygroscopic aerosol that is delivered atrelatively low temperature and humidity into one of high humidity andtemperature may increase in size when inhaled into the lung. Forexample, the rate of growth may be a function of the initial diameter ofthe particle. As it relates to size and diameter, particles may bedeposited by inertial impaction, gravitational sedimentation ordiffusion (Brownian motion) depending on their size. While depositionoccurs throughout the airways, inertial impaction usually occurs in thefirst ten generations of the lung, where air velocity is high andairflow is turbulent.

In the therapeutic/medical environment, most particles larger than 10micrometers are deposited in the oropharyngeal region with a largeamount impacting on the larynx, particularly when the drug is inhaledfrom devices requiring a high inspiratory flow rate (e.g., as with drypowder inhalers (“DPIs”)) or when the drug is dispensed from a device ata high forward velocity. The large particles are subsequently swallowedand contribute minimally, if at all, to the therapeutic response. In thetracheobronchial region, inertial impaction may also play a significantrole in the deposition of particles, particularly at bends and airwaybifurcations. Deposition by gravitational sedimentation may typicallypredominate in the last five to six generations of airways (smallerbronchi and bronchioles), where air velocity is low. Due to the lowvelocity, large volume aerosol that is produced in accordance withpreferred embodiments of the invention, the aerosol may be lessirritating to a person.

In the alveolar region, air velocity is typically negligible, and thusthe contribution to deposition by inertial impaction is typicallynonexistent. Particles in this region may have a longer residence timeand may be deposited by both sedimentation and diffusion. Particles notdeposited during inhalation may be exhaled. Deposition due tosedimentation affects particles down to 0.5 micrometers in diameter,whereas below 0.5 micrometers, the main mechanism for deposition is bydiffusion.

Targeting the aerosol to conducting or peripheral airways may beaccomplished by altering the particle size of the aerosol and/or theinspiratory flow rate. For example, aerosols with a MMAD ofapproximately 5 micrometers to 10 micrometers may be deposited in thelarge conducting airways and oropharyngeal region. Particles rangingfrom approximately 1 micrometer to 5 micrometers in diameter may bedeposited in the small airways and alveoli with more than 50% of theparticles having a diameter of three micrometers being deposited in thealveolar region.

In some embodiments, the electronic device includes a piezoelectriccrystal that vibrates at a high frequency when electrical current isapplied. In some embodiments, the vibration may be in the range of 0.5to 5.0 MHz_ and more specifically within the range of 1.2 to 2.4 MHz.The vibration of the crystal is transmitted to a transducer horn that isin contact with the liquid to be aerosolized. Vibrations transmitted bythe transducer horn cause upward and downward movement of a mesh in theform, for example, of a plate, and the liquid passes through theapertures in the mesh plate to form an aerosol. In some embodiments, themesh plate consists of a plurality of tapered holes (e.g., 500 holes;1,000 holes; 6,000 holes). Each tapered hole may have a diameter ofapproximately 3 micrometers. In other examples, larger or smallerdiameters may be appropriate for different liquids or applications. Theaperture holes advantageously amplify the vibration of the transducerhorn throughout the liquid and reduce the amount of power required togenerate the aerosol. For example, using a low frequency of vibrationwith a mesh plate containing numerous minute holes allows efficientgeneration of a fine particle mist.

In some embodiments, aqueous liquids may be more suitable to generatingan aerosol with electronic devices of the invention when compared toother more viscous liquids. In some embodiments, the aqueous liquids mayinclude ethanol, which itself may be a primary liquid carrier of theliquid.

Additionally, in some preferred embodiments ultrasonicated a liposomalnanoemulsions comprises the liquid carrier of the liquid deliverysystem. Nanoemulsions may be sonicated where liposomes work as carriersfor active agents. In some embodiments, liposomes may be prepared andformed (e.g., by ultrasound) for the entrapment of active agents. Insome instances, emulsifiers are added to the liposomal dispersions tostabilize higher amounts of lipids; however, additional emulsifiers maycause a weakening on the barrier affinity of a liquid (e.g.,phosphatidylcholine). Nanoparticles (e.g., nanoparticles composed ofphosphatidylcholine and lipids) preferably are used to solve this. Thus,in some embodiments, nanoparticles are used that preferably are formedby an oil droplet that is covered by a monolayer of phosphatidylcholine.It is believed that the use of nanoparticles allows formulations whichare capable of absorbing more lipids and which remain stable wherebyadditional emulsifiers may not be needed.

As discussed above, ultrasonication is a method for the production ofnanoemulsions and nanodispersions. In some embodiments, an intensiveultrasound supplies the power needed to disperse a liquid phase(dispersed phase) in small droplets in a second phase (continuousphase). In the dispersing zone, imploding cavitation bubbles causeintensive shock waves in the surrounding liquid and result in theformation of liquid jets of high liquid velocity. In order to stabilizethe newly formed droplets of the disperse phase against coalescence,emulsifiers (surface active substances, surfactants) and stabilizers areadded to the emulsion. As coalescence of the droplets after disruptioninfluences the final droplet size distribution, efficiently stabilizingemulsifiers may be used to maintain the final droplet size distributionat a level that is equal to the distribution immediately after thedroplet disruption in the ultrasonic dispersing zone.

Some liposomal dispersions (e.g., those based on unsaturatedphosphatidylcholine) may lack in stability against oxidation. Thestabilization of the dispersion can be achieved by antioxidants, such asby a complex of vitamins C and E. For example, the entrapment of theessential oil in liposomes may increase the oil stability.

In some embodiments, the vibrating mesh is configured to create a fineparticle low velocity aerosol which is well suited for central and deeplung deposition. By producing a fine particle, low velocity aerosol, oneor more preferred electronic devices of the invention advantageously canproduce an aerosol that is adapted to target small airways in themanagement of asthma and COPD.

Additionally, some embodiments, a pump system is utilized to pump orpush the liquid to be aerosolized into contact with the vibrating meshwhereby droplets of the liquid are created on the other side of thevibrating mesh on the order of 1 to 4 microns. While it is contemplatedthat a capillary pump may be used (wherein the liquid is drawn intocontact with the mesh material through capillary action), electronicdevices of the invention also may preferably comprise a pump system thatis powered by an electrical power source of the device, such asbatteries and, preferably, rechargeable batteries. Such a pump systempreferably comprises a piezoelectric motor. In some embodiments,however, an active pump system is not used, and the liquid may begravity-fed to a vibrating mesh or other vibrating structure. Thus, agravitational pump may be used in such embodiments. This is particularlycontemplated when an electronic device of the invention is used in agenerally upright position as a nebulizer for drug delivery. In mostpreferred embodiments, however, the electronic device isorientation-agnostic and generally works as intended in any orientationrelative to the directional forces of gravity.

Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferredelectronic device 100 for producing an aerosol for inhalation inaccordance with one or more aspects and features of the invention. Theelectronic device 100 comprises a mouthpiece 102 having an opening 104through which the aerosol is inhaled; an upper housing component 106;and a lower housing component 108. The mouthpiece 102, upper housingcomponent 106, and lower housing component 108 fit together to define abody of the electronic device 100, which body is of a size and shape forgripping and holding by hand during use of the device 100. When used asintended, the electronic device 100 would be held with the mouthpiece102 oriented upright or at an inclination to horizontal, or anyorientation therebetween. Regardless of the orientation, the device 100works the same in producing the aerosol for inhalation.

The top housing 106 is attached to the lower housing component 108 via ahinge 110 including hinge pin 112 for pivoting movement of the tophousing 106 relative to the bottom housing 108 between an open positionand a closed position. The closed position is shown, for example, inFIG. 1. The mouthpiece 102 preferably snaps in friction fit onto the tophousing 106.

The form factor of the electronic device 100 resembles that of anebulizer for administering drugs including, for example, prescriptionmedicines. Electronic devices of the invention are not limited to suchform factors. For example, another electronic device 300 of theinvention is illustrated in FIG. 17, discussed below; electronic device300 has a form factor resembling that of a vape pen.

Continuing with the description of the electronic device 100, and withfurther reference to FIG. 1, the device 100 further comprises a button114 for turning on or otherwise actuating the device 100 and a window116 for viewing a level of liquid in the device 100. When actuated, thedevice preferably produces an aerosol for inhalation. A set,predetermined volume of liquid contained in the device preferably isaerosolized each time the device is turned on or actuated using button114. The amount of liquid remaining in the device to be aerosolizedpreferably is viewable through the window 116.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of components of the electronic device 100.As seen in FIG. 2, the mouthpiece 102, upper housing component 106, andlower housing component 108 are separable from each other. Thus, thebody can be disassembled by a person. A glimpse of a mesh assembly 118including a vibrating mesh in the form of a vibrating mesh materialcontained within the upper housing component 106 and a glimpse of aplunger 120 contained within the lower housing component 108 also areseen in FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 is another exploded view of components of the electronic device100. FIG. 3 is perhaps best notable for revealing a liquid container forthe liquid in the form of a cartridge 122 that is contained within theupper housing component 106. The cartridge 122 contains the liquid thatis aerosolized and the cartridge 122 preferably is removable from theupper housing component 106 either when the upper housing component isdisconnected and separated from the lower housing component 108 or whenthe upper housing component 106 is rotated from the closed position toan open position by pivoting around the hinge 110 and hinge pin 112.Preferably following use and depletion the cartridge 122 is replacedwith a new cartridge having a full supply of liquid to be aerosolized.The cartridge 122 of FIG. 3 is full of a liquid and is seen beinginserted into the upper housing component 106. In alternatives, thecontainer may be a tank, i.e., a refillable container that is intendedfor multiple uses.

As further seen in FIG. 3, the cartridge 122 comprises a cylinder orbarrel 124 and a stopper 126. FIG. 3 further reveals that the upperhousing component 106 comprises two windows 116 for viewing the volumeof liquid contained within the cartridge during use of the device 100.

FIG. 4 is a partial, exploded view of components of the electronicdevice 100. FIG. 4 reveals one or more batteries 128 that are containedwithin a bottom portion of the lower housing component 108. Thebatteries preferably are rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The device100 preferably includes a charging port 140 (illustrated in FIGS. 11-14)for plugging in a power source for charging the batteries 128. Thecharging port preferably is a micro-USB charging port. FIG. 4additionally reveals wall supports 130 of the upper housing component106 which conform to, receive and support in friction fit the cartridge122 when inserted into the upper housing component 106. The supports 130preferably are formed as part of the upper housing component 106, suchas during an injection molding process of the upper housing component106. The lower housing component 108 and mouthpiece 102 also preferablyare made by injection molding or other manufacturing methodology.

Similar to supports 130, the upper housing component 106 also compriseswall supports 131 (seen for example in FIG. 5) that hold the meshassembly 118 in place in the upper housing component 106. Supports 131also preferably form part of the upper housing component 106 and aresimilarly formed in a molding process.

FIGS. 5 and 6 each is another partial, exploded view of components ofthe electronic device 100 and each reveals a motor 132 and threadedshaft 134. The motor 132 preferably is a piezoelectric motor. The motor132 drives rotation of the threaded shaft 134 and is actuated by thebutton 114. The plunger 120 is attached to an end of the shaft 134 androtation of the shaft 134 by the motor 132 causes the plunger to move ina direction parallel to a longitudinal axis of the rotating shaft 134.FIG. 8 is a partial view of components of the electronic device 100 andadditionally shows the plunger 120 attached to the end of the threadedshaft 134 and moved to a fully retracted position in which the plunger120 is located immediate adjacent the motor 132.

In the device 100, the piezoelectric motor 132 preferably utilizespiezoelectric actuation technology using mechanical waves. The motoradvantageously provides a high-power density combined with a highefficiency (e.g., greater than 20 W mechanical) for small motors. Insome embodiments, the motor is a purely mechanical structure without anywinding. An example suitable motor is the piezoelectric motor WLG-30.The motor may have a stator diameter of approximately 30 mm (1.18inches), a length of approximately 34 mm (1.34 inches), and a height ofapproximately 15 mm (0.59 inches). The motor may weight approximately 37g with an electronic card weight of 23 g. In some embodiments, the motormay have a max speed of approximately 300 rpm with a rated torque ofapproximately 250 mN·m, a max torque of approximately 50 mN·m, a holdtorque of approximately 1 50 mN·m, and a torque reliquid ofapproximately 0.18 mN·m. Additionally, the motor may have an outputpower of approximately 150 W. The motor response time may beapproximately 1.3 milliseconds with a direction change time (CW/CCW) ofapproximately 1 millisecond and an angular accuracy of approximately 1degree. In some embodiments, the motor 132 may have a power supply ofapproximately 7.5V and a max current of approximately 1.2 A.

FIG. 7 is a transparent view of the cartridge 122 and components thereofin the electronic device 100. The cartridge 122 is similar to a syringein that the stopper 126, when advanced within the cylinder 124 toward atapered end 123 of the cartridge 122, pushes liquid in the cylinder 124toward the tapered end 123. The stopper 126 forms a seal with thecylinder wall 124 and the stopper 126 prevents or stops the liquid fromleaking around the stopper 126.

With reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, the tapered end 123 includes anopening 125 through which the liquid passes when the stopper 126advances toward the tapered end 123. In particular the tapered end 123is inserted with the opening 127 when the cartridge 122 is inserted intothe upper housing component 106, as indicated by the dashed lineextending between FIGS. 9 and 10. Thus, when inserted, the tapered end123 is located within an opening 127 of the mesh assembly 118 (seen inFIG. 4).

Of course, it will be appreciated that in the electronic device 100 thestopper 126 is not attached to the threaded shaft 134 and, therefore, isnot directly driven by rotation of the threaded shaft 134 by the motor132. Instead, the plunger 120 attached to the end of the threaded shaft134 is directly driven by rotation of the threaded shaft 134 by themotor 132, which causes the plunger 120 to advance into engagement withthe stopper 126 and push the stopper toward the taper end 123. Thisadvancement of the plunger 120 and retraction back is illustrated in thesequence seen in FIGS. 11 through 14, which are partial internal viewsof the electronic device 100.

It will be appreciated from this sequence of FIGS. 11 through 14 thatthe components are arranged in-line. In particular, the mouthpiece 102,the mesh assembly 118, and the cartridge 122 containing the liquid arearranged sequentially along a longitudinal axis 90 (seen in FIG. 11) ofthe device 100 in said order, with the mesh assembly 118 being locatedbetween the mouthpiece 102 and the liquid to be aerosolized. The stopper126, plunger 120, and shaft 134 similarly are arranged along thelongitudinal axis 90 of the device 100. Additionally, the motor 132 andbatteries 128 also are arranged along the longitudinal axis 90 of thedevice 100.

When the liquid passes through the opening 125 into the opening 127 itcontacts a mesh disk 146 (perhaps best seen in FIG. 15) of the meshassembly. The mesh disk 146 is held or retained in the mesh assembly 118by an annular plate 144 similar to a washer. The mesh disk 146preferably is formed from a piezoelectric material (or “piezo”) havingsmall openings or holes 148 formed therein for the passage of smalldroplets of the liquid of a consistent size when the piezo mesh disk iscaused to vibrate. This aerosolizes the liquid producing an aerosol.Preferably the droplets produced are between 1- and 4-micron aerosoldroplets.

This sequence 400 of steps is illustrated in FIG. 15. Indeed, FIG. 15includes a picture of an aerosol for inhalation that is actuallyproduced by the vibrating piezo mesh disk. The aerosol produced by thevibrating mesh is a fine particle, low velocity aerosol that is believedto be optimum for central and deep lung deposition.

After the plunger 120 has been advanced through the entire cylinder 124of the cartridge 122 (at which point the cartridge 122 is depleted ofthe liquid and is empty, as illustrated in FIG. 13), the motor 132rotates the threaded drive shaft 134 in a reverse direction to returnthe plunger 120 to the retracted position, as seen in FIG. 14.

An alternative is illustrated in FIG. 16, which is a partial internalview of another electronic device 170 in accordance with one or moreaspects and features of the invention. In this device 170, the cartridgeincludes the threaded shaft 134′ extending therethrough. The othercomponents illustrated and having the same reference numbers as thosewith respect to device 100 are the same.

FIG. 17 is a transparent view of internal components of anotherpreferred electronic device 300 in accordance with one or more aspectsand features of the invention. The device 300 comprises a number ofcomponents that are arranged in-line along a longitudinal axis 390 ofthe device 300. These components include a mouthpiece 302 from whichaerosol produced by the device 300 can be inhaled; a mesh assembly 304comprising a vibrating mesh and aperture plate; a liquid container 306comprising a cartridge or reservoir combined with a threaded shaft 308that longitudinally extends within the container 306 and a stopper 310that moves longitudinally within the container 306 along the shaft 308to ensure the liquid moves towards and stays in contact with thevibrating mesh; and a motor and battery assembly 312 that drivesrotation of the shaft 308 and consequent movement of the stopper 310within the container 306.

Yet another alternative is illustrated schematically in FIGS. 18-20.Specifically, FIG. 18 is a schematic illustration of yet anotherpreferred electronic device 200 in accordance with one or more aspectsand features of the invention; FIG. 19 is a partial schematicillustration of an electromagnetic cartridge of the electronic device200; and FIG. 20 is an internal schematic illustration of the electronicdevice 200. With reference to FIGS. 18 and 19, electronic device 200preferably comprises an electromagnetic propulsion system cartridge(e.g., an electromagnetic syringe pump cartridge 201 having cartridgehousing 203) that is utilized to push the liquid into contact with thevibrating mesh when the device 200 is activated. The electronic device200 includes a window 202. Additionally, the electromagnetic cartridgeincludes a magnetic stopper 204, an anode 206, a cathode, and a magneticring 208.

Other contemplated ways of pumping, pushing, or otherwise forcing theliquid into contact with the vibrating mesh include using a solenoidpump, a capillary tube, and a vacuum pump. Gravity may also be used whenthe electronic device is not intended to be orientation-agnostic in use.In each instance regardless of the manner in which the liquid is pushedfrom the cartridge into contact with the vibrating mesh, the liquidpreferably is supplied to the vibrating mesh at a generally constantpressure whereby a generally uniform aerosol is produced. This ispreferably done regardless of the orientation of the electronic device.The electronic device also preferably comprises a reservoir for theliquid. In some embodiments, the reservoir is an anti-pyrolysis vapereservoir with no smoldering and no combustion. In some embodiments, theliquid of the device features a thermostable liquid carrier.

Circuitry (not shown for clarity of illustration) preferably is includedin each electronic device for controlling actuation of the vibratingmesh. The circuitry also preferably controls actuation of the pumpmechanism for pushing the liquid into contact with the vibrating mesh ata generally constant pressure. A printed circuit board may be included,and an application specific integrated circuit may be included. Amicrocontroller also may be included (e.g., microchip 8-bitmicrocontroller-based piezo mesh disk driver board). The microcontrollerpreferably is located within the lower housing component when included,but in some embodiments the microcontroller may be located within theupper housing component.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of yet another preferred electronic device500 comprising a vibrating mesh in accordance with one or more aspectsand features of the invention, and FIG. 22 is an internal schematicillustration thereof. This preferred electronic device 500 comprises amouthpiece 502 and an aerosol tunnel 504 that extends from themouthpiece 502 to a double vibrating mesh 506 within the device 500. Thevibrating-mesh device 500 also includes a liquid reservoir and cartridge508 positioned above a stopper 510, which is movable toward the mesh 506in order to keep a liquid in the reservoir in contact with the mesh 506.

Ultrasonic Nebulizer

In addition to the foregoing electronic devices disclosed herein, andwith reference to FIGS. 23-27, alternative electronic devices now aredisclosed that preferably are used to aerosolize liquid drugs using atransducer in the form of an ultrasonic vibrating structure that doesnot comprise a vibrating mesh material, and which are sometimes referredto herein and in the incorporated priority documents as an “ultrasonicnebulizer”. The ultrasonic nebulizer may have the liquid drug in directcontact with the transducer, preferably in the form of a piezoelectrictransducer; however, the direct contact between the liquid drug and thepiezoelectric transducer may cause the temperature of the liquid drug toincrease due to heating of the transducer. Accordingly, in somepreferred embodiments represented by FIGS. 23-27, the ultrasonicnebulizer comprises an interface between the transducer and the liquiddrug. For example, a separate volume of water (or other fluid) may actas an interface between the transducer and the reservoir for the liquiddrug, which interface reduces the effects of heating as the liquid drugis not in direct contact with the transducer. Other structures andmaterials may be used as the interface instead of water, as disclosedbelow. Moreover, to further reduce the heating effects of thepiezo-electric transducer, lower frequencies or lower frequency rangesmay be used (e.g., frequencies of approximately 1.2 MHz). In someembodiments, the frequency of the vibrating structure is lower than afrequency utilized in a homogenization process of the liquid to beaerosolized in order to ensure survivability and stability ofananoemulsion. In some embodiments, some residual mass may be trapped inthe ultrasonic nebulizer; however, since there is no gas source totransport the aerosol out of the ultrasonic nebulizer during exhalation,little to no leaking occurs.

This alternative electronic device 600 in the form of an ultrasonicnebulizer is now described with reference to the drawings and comprisesa removable cartridge 602 as well as a coupling agent interface and heatbarrier 604. The cartridge 602 attaches or slides into place on acartridge mounting 607 of the housing. Additionally, the cartridge may“snap fit” within the housing. In other examples, other attachment meansmay be used to couple the cartridge 602 to the housing of the device600. For example, the cartridge may be placed in the housing of thedevice 600 and secured by a magnet. The cartridge may be a disposable,single-use cartridge; in other embodiments, the cartridge 602 may be amultiple-use cartridge that is removed from, refilled, and thenreinstalled in the housing of the device 600.

Because of the coupling agent interface and heat barrier 604, whichblocks heating of the liquid drug 606, the ultrasonic device 600 isbelieved to produces a carcinogen-free aerosol for drug delivery.Specifically, the electronic device 600 preferably utilizes vibrationsof a transducer in the form of a piezo-electric material such as acrystal that is located within a transducer sleeve or pocket 608 in theremovable cartridge 602. These vibrations are transmitted through thecoupling agent interface and heat barrier 604 to the liquid drug, whichcauses an aerosol to be generated from the liquid drug. The couplingagent interface may comprise a fluid, such as water; a membraneincluding, for example, a gel membrane; or another material.

Indeed, in some preferred embodiments, the coupling agent comprises afluid coupler, one example of which is the C4F Coupling fluid sold underthe brand SoundSafe®. In some preferred embodiments, the coupling agentis gel based, an example of which is the ultrasound gel sold under thebrand CLEAR® by Aquasonic. In some preferred embodiments, the couplingagent is a gel pad, one example of which is the ultrasound gel pad soldunder the brand Aquaflex® by Parker Laboratories. A coupling membranemay be similar to the consistency of “standoff pads”. Additionally, themembrane may be a gel membrane. Furthermore, the membrane may behydrophobic. Other coupling agents may be used to block heat from theliquid drug. In these variations, the coupling agent interface transmitsultrasonic vibrations to the liquid, but limits increase in temperaturethat would otherwise occur in the liquid to be aerosolized.

Moreover, “vapes” on the market typically utilize heat as a way toaerosolize the e-liquid including the desired compounds therein (e.g.,nicotine) or supplements such as B12, THC/CBD and other drugs orstimulants. However, toxic byproducts like formaldehyde—a recognizedGroup 1 Carcinogen for cancer—are created when heat is used toaerosolize, and these toxic byproducts are unfortunately inhaled by theperson. For example, when liquids are heated, the liquids undergo athermochemical reaction producing unwanted emissions; these unwantedemissions of the toxic byproducts are believed to cause harm frominhalation exposure. When used for vaping, the electronic device 600produces an aerosol that advantageously avoids toxic byproducts createdby conventional vapes.

The ultrasonic device 600 is advantageously efficient (with highvibration frequency) for drug administration into the lungs.Additionally, high vibration intensity associated with a low ventilationlevel is preferable for the delivery of drugs deep into the lungs.

The ultrasonic device 600 may also be designed to provide different flowrates. For example, the device may include an active pump or passivepump. Additionally, the output rate or pressure supplied by the pump maybe adjusted to provide different flow rates. In other examples,gravitational, electromagnetic, pneumatic (e.g., pressurized), orcapillary forces may be used for delivery of the liquid to beaerosolized.

As illustrated, the removable cartridge 602 preferably houses thecoupling agent (fluid or gel, etc.) as well as the liquid drug to beaerosolized. The cartridge 602 preferably comprises a sleeve or pocket608 for the transducer and a membrane 604 that comprises the couplingagent. For example, the cartridge 602 may comprise a thin gel membranewith a coupling agent, which advantageously enables the ultrasonicdevice to deliver an emissions/carbonyl free/volatile constituent freeexperience to a person. The coupling agent also advantageously allowsfor the effective delivery of potentially thermosensitive substances.

When the vibration intensity is sufficient, cavitation occurs, and largeand small droplets are generated. Large droplets may fall or drop intothe liquid reservoir or may be thrown onto the side of the nebulizer andrecycled. Additionally, small droplets may be stored in the nebulizationchamber to be inhaled by a person. Ventilation enables airflow to crossthe nebulizer and to expel the aerosol droplets.

For a given ultrasonic nebulizer, the vibration frequency of thepiezoelectric crystal may be fixed, often in the range of 1-2.5 MHz. Insome preferred embodiments, the vibration intensity is adjustable bymodifying vibration amplitude. Additionally, the ventilation levelpreferably is adjustable. The coupling agent blocks heat from the liquidto be aerosolized, which is particularly advantageous when usingthermosensitive drugs and in reducing or preventing unwanted emissionsbyproducts.

An alternative removable cartridge 622 is shown in FIG. 26, wherein thereservoir for the liquid drug 626 is housed above the membrane 624whereby the liquid drug may seep into and saturate the membrane. Thetransducer then creates an aerosol from the liquid drug therebycontained within the membrane.

For clarity of illustration, it will be appreciated that the inlets,outlets, and ventilation features are not shown in the electronicdevices and cartridges of FIGS. 23-26.

The above-described electronic devices described herein areperson-activated or breath activated. In particular in some embodiments,the above-described electronic devices each detects inhalation by aperson and activates in response; and in some embodiments, theabove-described electronic devices each includes a graphical personinterface with selectable icons and menus to program and adjustoperational parameters of the electronic device, including activationfor producing the aerosol for inhalation.

Based on the foregoing description, it will be readily understood bythose persons skilled in the art that the invention has broad utilityand application. Electronic devices of the invention can be utilized todeliver liquids comprising supplements, drugs, or therapeuticallyeffective amounts of pharmaceuticals using an aerosol having particlesof a size that can easily be inhaled. The aerosol can be used, forexample, by a patient within the bounds of an inhalation therapy,whereby the liquid containing a supplement, therapeutically effectivepharmaceutical, or drug reaches the patient's respiratory tract uponinhalation. Desired compounds such as nicotine, flavoring, andsupplements like B12, can be received by a person through inhalationwithout the toxic byproducts like formaldehyde—a recognized Group 1Carcinogen for caner—that is currently being created during heating inconventional vapes. Electronic devices of the invention further can beused in the marijuana industries, but only where legal, for delivery ofcannabinoids and CBD oils and the like. Moreover, many embodiments andadaptations of the invention other than those specifically describedherein, as well as many variations, modifications, and equivalentarrangements, will be apparent from or reasonably suggested by theinvention and the foregoing descriptions thereof, without departing fromthe substance or scope of the invention.

Accordingly, while the invention has been described herein in detail inrelation to one or more preferred embodiments, it is to be understoodthat this disclosure is only illustrative and exemplary of the inventionand is made merely for the purpose of providing a full and enablingdisclosure of the invention. The foregoing disclosure is not intended tobe construed to limit the invention or otherwise exclude any such otherembodiments, adaptations, variations, modifications or equivalentarrangements, the invention being limited only by the claims appendedhereto and the equivalents thereof

What is claimed is:
 1. A disposable cartridge for use with an electronicdevice for producing an aerosol for inhalation by a person, thedisposable cartridge comprising: (a) a liquid container containing aliquid mixture which when aerosolized is intended for inhalation by aperson; and (b) a transducer that, when actuated, causes the liquidmixture from the container to be aerosolized such that the aerosol maybe inhaled by a person; (c) wherein the liquid mixture to be aerosolizedcomprises a liposomal carrier.
 2. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein theliposomal carrier comprises a liposomal nanoemulsion.
 3. The cartridgeof claim 1, wherein the liquid mixture comprises nanoparticles.
 4. Thecartridge of claim 1, wherein the liquid mixture comprises nicotine. 5.The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the liquid mixture comprisesencapsulated tetrahydrocannabinol.
 6. The cartridge of claim 1, whereinthe liquid mixture comprises encapsulated cannabidiol.
 7. The cartridgeof claim 1, wherein the liquid mixture comprises an aqueous liquid. 8.The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the liquid mixture has a viscositythat is comparable to the viscosity of an aqueous liquid.
 9. Thecartridge of claim 1, wherein the transducer comprises a mesh materialand, when the transducer is actuated, the transducer causes the meshmaterial to vibrate resulting in aerosolizing of the liquid mixture. 10.The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the transducer and the mesh materialform a piezo mesh disk.
 11. The cartridge of claim 1, further comprisingmeans for pressuring the liquid mixture into contact with the meshmaterial regardless of the orientation of the cartridge.
 12. Adisposable cartridge for use with an electronic device for producing anaerosol for inhalation by a person, the disposable cartridge comprising:(a) a liquid container containing a liquid which when aerosolized isintended for inhalation by a person; and (b) a transducer that, whenactuated, causes the liquid from the container to be aerosolized suchthat the aerosol may be inhaled by a person; (c) wherein the liquidcomprises an active agent entrapped by liposomes.
 13. The cartridge ofclaim 12, wherein the active agent comprises nicotine.
 14. The cartridgeof claim 12, wherein the active agent comprises tetrahydrocannabinol.15. The cartridge of claim 12, wherein the active agent comprisescannabidiol.
 16. The cartridge of claim 12, wherein the liquid comprisesnanoparticles formed by an oil droplet covered by a monolayer ofphosphatidylcholine.
 17. The cartridge of claim 12, wherein thetransducer comprises a mesh material and, when the transducer isactuated, the transducer causes the mesh material to vibrate resultingin aerosolizing of the liquid mixture.
 18. The cartridge of claim 12,wherein the transducer and the mesh material form a piezo mesh disk. 19.A disposable cartridge for use with an electronic device for producingan aerosol for inhalation by a person, the disposable cartridgecomprising: (a) a liquid container containing a liquid mixturecomprising a nanodispersion which when aerosolized is intended forinhalation by a person; and (b) a transducer that, when actuated, causesthe liquid mixture from the container to be aerosolized such that theaerosol may be inhaled by a person.
 20. The cartridge of claim 19,wherein the liquid mixture comprises nicotine.
 21. The cartridge ofclaim 19, wherein the liquid mixture comprises tetrahydrocannabinol. 22.The cartridge of claim 19, wherein the liquid mixture comprisescannabidiol.
 23. The cartridge of claim 19, wherein the liquid mixturecomprises nanoparticles formed by an oil droplet covered by a monolayerof phosphatidylcholine.
 24. The cartridge of claim 19, wherein thetransducer comprises a mesh material and, when the transducer isactuated, the transducer causes the mesh material to vibrate resultingin aerosolizing of the liquid mixture.
 25. The cartridge of claim 19,wherein the transducer and the mesh material form a piezo mesh disk.